French book
French Connectors Book
More than eighty French connectors by function, with the ones that need the subjunctive, formal and informal register, and paired structures.
- Access
- Free
- Type
- Book
- Level
- Intermediate
- Pages
- 16
- Format
- Author
- Idiomary
French connectors are not only a matter of meaning but of register. Du coup and par conséquent can both introduce a result, yet one belongs in conversation and the other in a report. This 16-page guide presents more than eighty connector entries across nine functions, each with an example sentence and English translation, and then adds what many lists leave out: a subjunctive section, a register guide, regional notes, and paired structures for building arguments.
Nine functions and their most useful forms
| Function | Common forms | Formal or written forms |
|---|---|---|
| Addition | et, aussi, de plus, en plus de | en outre, par ailleurs, d'autant plus que |
| Contrast | mais, pourtant, par contre | cependant, néanmoins, toutefois, or |
| Cause | parce que, comme, grâce à | puisque, étant donné que, du fait que |
| Consequence | donc, alors, c'est pourquoi | par conséquent, de ce fait, si bien que |
| Sequence | d'abord, ensuite, puis, enfin | en premier lieu, par la suite, dès lors |
| Examples | par exemple, comme | notamment, à savoir, entre autres |
| Emphasis | surtout, bien sûr | il faut souligner que, à plus forte raison |
| Condition | si, au cas où | à condition que, dans l'hypothèse où, pour peu que |
| Summary | bref, en résumé | en définitive, tout compte fait, en somme |
The contrast list includes or, a connector English learners rarely meet. It does not mean "or" but introduces a fact that changes the situation, as in Je pensais qu'il viendrait. Or, il n'est pas venu.
Which connectors need the subjunctive
Section 13 gathers the connectors that trigger the subjunctive, which is where most errors appear in writing: bien que, quoique, pour que, afin que, à condition que, pourvu que, avant que, jusqu'à ce que, sans que, and à moins que.
Two details deserve attention. First, à moins que usually brings a ne that has no negative meaning (à moins qu'il ne pleuve); the guide calls this the ne explétif. Second, au cas où and dans l'hypothèse où are followed by the conditional, not the subjunctive: au cas où il pleuvrait.
En effet, en fait and en réalité
These three look similar in translation but play different roles. En effet confirms what was just said: Il est fatigué. En effet, il a travaillé toute la nuit. When a speaker revises what they expected, French switches to en fait or en réalité: Je pensais que c'était difficile, mais en fait c'était assez facile.
Speaking or writing
The register guide in section 14 is one of the most practical parts. For formal texts it recommends connectors such as en outre, néanmoins, en conséquence, and il convient de souligner que. For conversation it lists du coup, mais bon, enfin bref, au fait, and the very informal genre and quoi. The regional notes add that cela dit is common in Belgium and that à cause que is sometimes heard in Quebec.
Paired structures for arguments
Section 16 introduces connectors that work in pairs and give shape to a longer argument: d'une part... d'autre part, non seulement... mais encore, soit... soit, and tantôt... tantôt. Using one pair in a paragraph is often enough to make a piece of writing sound organised.
Exercises with sample answers
The practice section asks you to fill gaps, upgrade simple sentences with et and mais, and describe your everyday routine in a paragraph that uses five or more connectors. The answer key offers possible solutions for the first two, since several connectors can fit the same gap.
For the paragraph, try writing it twice: once in a relaxed spoken style with du coup and en plus, and once in a formal style with en outre and par conséquent. Comparing the two versions makes the register difference concrete.
Intermediate learners preparing essays, reports, or presentations in French will use it most.
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